Excel functions (by category)
Applies ToExcel for Microsoft 365 Excel for Microsoft 365 for Mac Excel for the web Excel 2024 Excel 2024 for Mac Excel 2021 Excel 2021 for Mac Excel 2019 Excel 2016 Office for business

Worksheet functions are categorized by their functionality. Click a category to browse its functions. Or press Ctrl+F to find a function by typing the first few letters or a descriptive word. To get detailed information about a function, click its name in the first column.

Here are the 10 functions that people read about most.

Function

Description

SUM

Use this function to add the values in cells.

IF

Use this function to return one value if a condition is true and another value if it's false. Here's a video about using the IF function.

LOOKUP

Use this function when you need to look in a single row or column and find a value from the same position in a second row or column.

VLOOKUP

Use this function when you need to find things in a table or a range by row. For example, look up an employee's last name by her employee number, or find her phone number by looking up her last name (just like a telephone book). Check out this video about using VLOOKUP.

MATCH

Use this function to search for an item in a range of cells, and then return the relative position of that item in the range. For example, if the range A1:A3 contains the values 5, 7, and 38, then the formula =MATCH(7,A1:A3,0) returns the number 2, because 7 is the second item in the range.

CHOOSE

Use this function to select one of up to 254 values based on the index number. For example, if value1 through value7 are the days of the week, CHOOSE returns one of the days when a number between 1 and 7 is used as index_num.

DATE

Use this function to return the sequential serial number that represents a particular date. This function is most useful in situations where the year, month, and day are supplied by formulas or cell references. For example, you might have a worksheet that contains dates in a format that Excel does not recognize, such as YYYYMMDD.

Use the DATEDIF function to calculate the number of days, months, or years between two dates.

DAYS

Use this function to return the number of days between two dates.

FIND, FINDB

FIND and FINDB locate one text string within a second text string. They return the number of the starting position of the first text string from the first character of the second text string.

INDEX

Use this function to return a value or the reference to a value from within a table or range.

In newer versions of Excel, these functions were replaced with new functions that provide improved accuracy and have names that better reflect their usage. You can still use them for compatibility with earlier versions of Excel, but if backward compatibility isn't required, you should start using the new functions instead. For more information about the new functions, see Statistical functions (reference) and Math and trigonometry functions (reference) .

Function

Description

BETADIST

Returns the beta cumulative distribution function

BETAINV

Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution

BINOMDIST

Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability

CHIDIST

Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHIINV

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHITEST

Returns the test for independence

CONCATENATE

Joins two or more text strings into one string

CONFIDENCE

Returns the confidence interval for a population mean

COVAR

Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations

CRITBINOM

Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value

EXPONDIST

Returns the exponential distribution

FDIST

Returns the F probability distribution

FINV

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

FLOOR

Rounds a number down, toward zero

FORECAST

Calculates, or predicts, a future value by using existing values.

FTEST

Returns the result of an F-test

GAMMADIST

Returns the gamma distribution

GAMMAINV

Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution

HYPGEOMDIST

Returns the hypergeometric distribution

LOGINV

Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution function

LOGNORMDIST

Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

MODE

Returns the most common value in a data set

NEGBINOMDIST

Returns the negative binomial distribution

NORMDIST

Returns the normal cumulative distribution

NORMINV

Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution

NORMSDIST

Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution

NORMSINV

Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution

PERCENTILE

Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range

PERCENTRANK

Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set

POISSON

Returns the Poisson distribution

QUARTILE

Returns the quartile of a data set

RANK

Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

STDEV

Estimates standard deviation based on a sample

STDEVP

Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population

TDIST

Returns the Student's t-distribution

TINV

Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution

TTEST

Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test

VAR

Estimates variance based on a sample

VARP

Calculates variance based on the entire population

WEIBULL

Returns the Weibull distribution

ZTEST

Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test

Function

Description

CUBEKPIMEMBER

Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) property and displays the KPI name in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, that is used to monitor an organization's performance.

CUBEMEMBER

Returns a member or tuple from the cube. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.

CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY

Returns the value of a member property from the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member.

CUBERANKEDMEMBER

Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or the top 10 students.

CUBESET

Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Excel.

CUBESETCOUNT

Returns the number of items in a set.

CUBEVALUE

Returns an aggregated value from the cube.

Function

Description

DAVERAGE

Returns the average of selected database entries

DCOUNT

Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database

DCOUNTA

Counts nonblank cells in a database

DGET

Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria

DMAX

Returns the maximum value from selected database entries

DMIN

Returns the minimum value from selected database entries

DPRODUCT

Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database

DSTDEV

Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries

DSTDEVP

Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries

DSUM

Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria

DVAR

Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries

DVARP

Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries

Function

Description

DATE

Returns the serial number of a particular date

DATEDIF

Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two dates. This function is useful in formulas where you need to calculate an age.

DATEVALUE

Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number

DAY

Converts a serial number to a day of the month

DAYS (2013)

Returns the number of days between two dates

DAYS360

Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year

EDATE

Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date

EOMONTH

Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months

HOUR

Converts a serial number to an hour

ISOWEEKNUM (2013)

Returns the number of the ISO week number of the year for a given date

MINUTE

Converts a serial number to a minute

MONTH

Converts a serial number to a month

NETWORKDAYS

Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates

NETWORKDAYS.INTL (2010)

Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days

NOW

Returns the serial number of the current date and time

SECOND

Converts a serial number to a second

TIME

Returns the serial number of a particular time

TIMEVALUE

Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number

TODAY

Returns the serial number of today's date

WEEKDAY

Converts a serial number to a day of the week

WEEKNUM

Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year

WORKDAY

Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays

WORKDAY.INTL (2010)

Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days

YEAR

Converts a serial number to a year

YEARFRAC

Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date

Function

Description

BESSELI

Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)

BESSELJ

Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)

BESSELK

Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)

BESSELY

Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)

BIN2DEC

Converts a binary number to decimal

BIN2HEX

Converts a binary number to hexadecimal

BIN2OCT

Converts a binary number to octal

BITAND (2013)

Returns a 'Bitwise And' of two numbers

BITLSHIFT (2013)

Returns a value number shifted left by shift_amount bits

BITOR (2013)

Returns a bitwise OR of 2 numbers

BITRSHIFT (2013)

Returns a value number shifted right by shift_amount bits

BITXOR (2013)

Returns a bitwise 'Exclusive Or' of two numbers

COMPLEX

Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number

CONVERT

Converts a number from one measurement system to another

DEC2BIN

Converts a decimal number to binary

DEC2HEX

Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal

DEC2OCT

Converts a decimal number to octal

DELTA

Tests whether two values are equal

ERF

Returns the error function

ERF.PRECISE (2010)

Returns the error function

ERFC

Returns the complementary error function

ERFC.PRECISE (2010)

Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between x and infinity

GESTEP

Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value

HEX2BIN

Converts a hexadecimal number to binary

HEX2DEC

Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal

HEX2OCT

Converts a hexadecimal number to octal

IMABS

Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number

IMAGINARY

Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number

IMARGUMENT

Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians

IMCONJUGATE

Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number

IMCOS

Returns the cosine of a complex number

IMCOSH (2013)

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number

IMCOT (2013)

Returns the cotangent of a complex number

IMCSC (2013)

Returns the cosecant of a complex number

IMCSCH (2013)

Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number

IMDIV

Returns the quotient of two complex numbers

IMEXP

Returns the exponential of a complex number

IMLN

Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG10

Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG2

Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number

IMPOWER

Returns a complex number raised to an integer power

IMPRODUCT

Returns the product of from 2 to 255 complex numbers

IMREAL

Returns the real coefficient of a complex number

IMSEC (2013)

Returns the secant of a complex number

IMSECH (2013)

Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number

IMSIN

Returns the sine of a complex number

IMSINH (2013)

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number

IMSQRT

Returns the square root of a complex number

IMSUB

Returns the difference between two complex numbers

IMSUM

Returns the sum of complex numbers

IMTAN (2013)

Returns the tangent of a complex number

OCT2BIN

Converts an octal number to binary

OCT2DEC

Converts an octal number to decimal

OCT2HEX

Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

Function

Description

ACCRINT

Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest

ACCRINTM

Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity

AMORDEGRC

Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient

AMORLINC

Returns the depreciation for each accounting period

COUPDAYBS

Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date

COUPDAYS

Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date

COUPDAYSNC

Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date

COUPNCD

Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date

COUPNUM

Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date

COUPPCD

Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date

CUMIPMT

Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods

CUMPRINC

Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods

DB

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method

DDB

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify

DISC

Returns the discount rate for a security

DOLLARDE

Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number

DOLLARFR

Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction

DURATION

Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments

EFFECT

Returns the effective annual interest rate

FV

Returns the future value of an investment

FVSCHEDULE

Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates

INTRATE

Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security

IPMT

Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period

IRR

Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows

ISPMT

Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment

MDURATION

Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100

MIRR

Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates

NOMINAL

Returns the annual nominal interest rate

NPER

Returns the number of periods for an investment

NPV

Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate

ODDFPRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period

ODDFYIELD

Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period

ODDLPRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period

ODDLYIELD

Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period

PDURATION (2013)

Returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a specified value

PMT

Returns the periodic payment for an annuity

PPMT

Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period

PRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest

PRICEDISC

Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security

PRICEMAT

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity

PV

Returns the present value of an investment

RATE

Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity

RECEIVED

Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security

RRI (2013)

Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment

SLN

Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period

SYD

Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period

TBILLEQ

Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill

TBILLPRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill

TBILLYIELD

Returns the yield for a Treasury bill

VDB

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method

XIRR

Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic

XNPV

Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic

YIELD

Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest

YIELDDISC

Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill

YIELDMAT

Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity

Function

Description

CELL

Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell

ERROR.TYPE

Returns a number corresponding to an error type

INFO

Returns information about the current operating environment

Note: This function is not available in Excel for the web.

ISBLANK

Returns TRUE if the value is blank

ISERR

Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A

ISERROR

Returns TRUE if the value is any error value

ISEVEN

Returns TRUE if the number is even

ISFORMULA (2013)

Returns TRUE if there is a reference to a cell that contains a formula

ISLOGICAL

Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value

ISNA

Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value

ISNONTEXT

Returns TRUE if the value is not text

ISNUMBER

Returns TRUE if the value is a number

ISODD

Returns TRUE if the number is odd

ISOMITTED (2024)

Checks whether the value in a LAMBDA is missing and returns TRUE or FALSE

ISREF

Returns TRUE if the value is a reference

ISTEXT

Returns TRUE if the value is text

N

Returns a value converted to a number

NA

Returns the error value #N/A

SHEET (2013)

Returns the sheet number of the referenced sheet

SHEETS (2013)

Returns the number of sheets in a reference

STOCKHISTORY (Microsoft 365)

Retrieves historical data about a financial instrument

TYPE

Returns a number indicating the data type of a value

Function

Description

AND

Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE

BYCOL  function (2024)

Applies a LAMBDA to each column and returns an array of the results

BYROW (2024)

Applies a LAMBDA to each row and returns an array of the results

FALSE

Returns the logical value FALSE

IF

Specifies a logical test to perform

IFERROR

Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula

IFNA (2013)

Returns the value you specify if the expression resolves to #N/A, otherwise returns the result of the expression

IFS (2019)

Checks whether one or more conditions are met and returns a value that corresponds to the first TRUE condition.

LAMBDA (2024)

Create custom, reusable functions and call them by a friendly name

LET (2021)

Assigns names to calculation results

MAKEARRAY (2024)

Returns a calculated array of a specified row and column size, by applying a LAMBDA

MAP (2024)

Returns an array formed by mapping each value in the array(s) to a new value by applying a LAMBDA to create a new value

NOT

Reverses the logic of its argument

OR

Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE

REDUCE (2024)

Reduces an array to an accumulated value by applying a LAMBDA to each value and returning the total value in the accumulator

SCAN (2024)

Scans an array by applying a LAMBDA to each value and returns an array that has each intermediate value

SWITCH (2016)

Evaluates an expression against a list of values and returns the result corresponding to the first matching value. If there is no match, an optional default value may be returned.

TRUE

Returns the logical value TRUE

XOR (2013)

Returns a logical exclusive OR of all arguments

Function

Description

ADDRESS

Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet

AREAS

Returns the number of areas in a reference

CHOOSE

Chooses a value from a list of values

CHOOSECOLS (2024)

Returns the specified columns from an array

CHOOSEROWS (2024)

Returns the specified rows from an array

COLUMN

Returns the column number of a reference

COLUMNS

Returns the number of columns in a reference

DROP (2024)

Excludes a specified number of rows or columns from the start or end of an array

EXPAND (2024)

Expands or pads an array to specified row and column dimensions

FILTER (2021)

Filters a range of data based on criteria you define

FORMULATEXT (2013)

Returns the formula at the given reference as text

GETPIVOTDATA

Returns data stored in a PivotTable report

GROUPBY (Microsoft 365)

Helps a user group, aggregate, sort, and filter data based on the fields you specify

HLOOKUP

Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell

HSTACK (2024)

Appends arrays horizontally and in sequence to return a larger array

HYPERLINK

Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet

IMAGE (2024)

Returns an image from a given source

INDEX

Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array

INDIRECT

Returns a reference indicated by a text value

LOOKUP

Looks up values in a vector or array

MATCH

Looks up values in a reference or array

OFFSET

Returns a reference offset from a given reference

PIVOTBY (Microsoft 365)

Helps a user group, aggregate, sort, and filter data based on the row and column fields that you specify

ROW

Returns the row number of a reference

ROWS

Returns the number of rows in a reference

RTD

Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation

SORT (2021)

Sorts the contents of a range or array

SORTBY (2021)

Sorts the contents of a range or array based on the values in a corresponding range or array

TAKE (2024)

Returns a specified number of contiguous rows or columns from the start or end of an array

TOCOL (2024)

Returns the array in a single column

TOROW (2024)

Returns the array in a single row

TRANSPOSE

Returns the transpose of an array

TRIMRANGE (Microsoft 365)

Scans in from the edges of a range or array until it finds a non-blank cell (or value), it then excludes those blank rows or columns

UNIQUE (2021)

Returns a list of unique values in a list or range

VLOOKUP

Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell

VSTACK (2024)

Appends arrays vertically and in sequence to return a larger array

WRAPCOLS (2024)

Wraps the provided row or column of values by columns after a specified number of elements

WRAPROWS (2024)

Wraps the provided row or column of values by rows after a specified number of elements

XLOOKUP ​​​​​​​(2021)

Searches a range or an array, and returns an item corresponding to the first match it finds. If a match doesn't exist, then XLOOKUP can return the closest (approximate) match. 

XMATCH (2021)

Returns the relative position of an item in an array or range of cells. 

Function

Description

ABS

Returns the absolute value of a number

ACOS

Returns the arccosine of a number

ACOSH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number

ACOT (2013)

Returns the arccotangent of a number

ACOTH (2013)

Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number

AGGREGATE

Returns an aggregate in a list or database

ARABIC

Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number

ASIN

Returns the arcsine of a number

ASINH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number

ATAN

Returns the arctangent of a number

ATAN2

Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates

ATANH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number

BASE (2013)

Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base)

CEILING

Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

CEILING.MATH (2013)

Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

CEILING.PRECISE

Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.

COMBIN

Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects

COMBINA (2013)

Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given number of items

COS

Returns the cosine of a number

COSH

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number

COT (2013)

Returns the cotangent of an angle

COTH (2013)

Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a number

CSC (2013)

Returns the cosecant of an angle

CSCH (2013)

Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle

DECIMAL (2013)

Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number

DEGREES

Converts radians to degrees

EVEN

Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer

EXP

Returns e raised to the power of a given number

FACT

Returns the factorial of a number

FACTDOUBLE

Returns the double factorial of a number

FLOOR

Rounds a number down, toward zero

FLOOR.MATH (2013)

Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

FLOOR.PRECISE

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded down.

GCD

Returns the greatest common divisor

INT

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer

ISO.CEILING (2013)

Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

LCM

Returns the least common multiple

LET (2021)

Assigns names to calculation results to allow storing intermediate calculations, values, or defining names inside a formula

LN

Returns the natural logarithm of a number

LOG

Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base

LOG10

Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number

MDETERM

Returns the matrix determinant of an array

MINVERSE

Returns the matrix inverse of an array

MMULT

Returns the matrix product of two arrays

MOD

Returns the remainder from division

MROUND

Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple

MULTINOMIAL

Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers

MUNIT (2013)

Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension

ODD

Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer

PERCENTOF (Microsoft 365)

Sums the values in the subset and divides it by all the values

PI

Returns the value of pi

POWER

Returns the result of a number raised to a power

PRODUCT

Multiplies its arguments

QUOTIENT

Returns the integer portion of a division

RADIANS

Converts degrees to radians

RAND

Returns a random number between 0 and 1

RANDARRA (2021)

Returns an array of random numbers between 0 and 1. However, you can specify the number of rows and columns to fill, minimum and maximum values, and whether to return whole numbers or decimal values.

RANDBETWEEN

Returns a random number between the numbers you specify

ROMAN

Converts an Arabic numeral to Roman, as text

ROUND

Rounds a number to a specified number of digits

ROUNDDOWN

Rounds a number down, toward zero

ROUNDUP

Rounds a number up, away from zero

SEC (2013)

Returns the secant of an angle

SECH (2013)

Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle

SERIESSUM

Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula

SEQUENCE(2021)

Generates a list of sequential numbers in an array, such as 1, 2, 3, 4

SIGN

Returns the sign of a number

SIN

Returns the sine of the given angle

SINH

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number

SQRT

Returns a positive square root

SQRTPI

Returns the square root of (number * pi)

SUBTOTAL

Returns a subtotal in a list or database

SUM

Adds its arguments

SUMIF

Adds the cells specified by a given criteria

SUMIFS (2019)

Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria

SUMPRODUCT

Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components

SUMSQ

Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments

SUMX2MY2

Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays

SUMX2PY2

Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays

SUMXMY2

Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays

TAN

Returns the tangent of a number

TANH

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number

TRUNC

Truncates a number to an integer

Function

Description

AVEDEV

Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean

AVERAGE

Returns the average of its arguments

AVERAGEA

Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

AVERAGEIF

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria

AVERAGEIFS (2019)

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria

BETA.DIST (2010)

Returns the beta cumulative distribution function

BETA.INV (2010)

Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution

BINOM.DIST (2010)

Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability

BINOM.DIST.RANGE (2013)

Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution

BINOM.INV (2010)

Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value

CHISQ.DIST (2010)

Returns the cumulative beta probability density function

CHISQ.DIST.RT (2010)

Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHISQ.INV (2010)

Returns the cumulative beta probability density function

CHISQ.INV.RT (2010)

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHISQ.TEST (2010)

Returns the test for independence

CONFIDENCE.NORM (2010)

Returns the confidence interval for a population mean

CONFIDENCE.T (2010)

Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student's t distribution

CORREL

Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets

COUNT

Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments

COUNTA

Counts how many values are in the list of arguments

COUNTBLANK

Counts the number of blank cells within a range

COUNTIF

Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria

COUNTIFS (2019)

Counts the number of cells within a range that meet multiple criteria

COVARIANCE.P (2010)

Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations

COVARIANCE.S (2010)

Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products deviations for each data point pair in two data sets

DEVSQ

Returns the sum of squares of deviations

EXPON.DIST (2010)

Returns the exponential distribution

F.DIST (2010)

Returns the F probability distribution

F.DIST.RT (2010)

Returns the F probability distribution

F.INV (2010)

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

F.INV.RT (2010)

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

F.TEST (2010)

Returns the result of an F-test

FISHER

Returns the Fisher transformation

FISHERINV

Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation

FORECAST

Returns a value along a linear trend

Note: In Excel 2016, this function is replaced with FORECAST.LINEAR as part of the new Forecasting functions, but it's still available for compatibility with earlier versions.

FORECAST.ETS (2016)

Returns a future value based on existing (historical) values by using the AAA version of the Exponential Smoothing (ETS) algorithm

FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT (2016)

Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date

FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY (2016)

Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel detects for the specified time series

FORECAST.ETS.STAT (2016)

Returns a statistical value as a result of time series forecasting

FORECAST.LINEAR (2016)

Returns a future value based on existing values

FREQUENCY

Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array

GAMMA (2013)

Returns the Gamma function value

GAMMA.DIST (2010)

Returns the gamma distribution

GAMMA.INV (2010)

Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution

GAMMALN

Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)

GAMMALN.PRECISE (2010)

Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)

GAUSS (2013)

Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal cumulative distribution

GEOMEAN

Returns the geometric mean

GROWTH

Returns values along an exponential trend

HARMEAN

Returns the harmonic mean

HYPGEOM.DIST

Returns the hypergeometric distribution

INTERCEPT

Returns the intercept of the linear regression line

KURT

Returns the kurtosis of a data set

LARGE

Returns the k-th largest value in a data set

LINEST

Returns the parameters of a linear trend

LOGEST

Returns the parameters of an exponential trend

LOGNORM.DIST (2010)

Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

LOGNORM.INV (2010)

Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution

MAX

Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments

MAXA

Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

MAXIFS (2019)

Returns the maximum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria

MEDIAN

Returns the median of the given numbers

MIN

Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments

MINA

Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

MINIFS (2019)

Returns the minimum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria.

MODE.MULT (2010)

Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range of data

MODE.SNGL (2010)

Returns the most common value in a data set

NEGBINOM.DIST (2010)

Returns the negative binomial distribution

NORM.DIST (2010)

Returns the normal cumulative distribution

NORM.INV (2010)

Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution

NORM.S.DIST (2010)

Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution

NORM.S.INV (2010)

Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution

PEARSON

Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

PERCENTILE.EXC (2010)

Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive

PERCENTILE.INC (2010)

Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range

PERCENTRANK.EXC (2010)

Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, exclusive) of the data set

PERCENTRANK.INC (2010)

Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set

PERMUT

Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects

PERMUTATIONA (2013)

Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects (with repetitions) that can be selected from the total objects

PHI (2013)

Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution

POISSON.DIST (2010)

Returns the Poisson distribution

PROB

Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits

QUARTILE.EXC (2010)

Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive

QUARTILE.INC (2010)

Returns the quartile of a data set

RANK.AVG (2010)

Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

RANK.EQ (2010)

Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

RSQ

Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

SKEW

Returns the skewness of a distribution

SKEW.P (2013)

Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population: a characterization of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution around its mean

SLOPE

Returns the slope of the linear regression line

SMALL

Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set

STANDARDIZE

Returns a normalized value

STDEV.P (2010)

Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population

STDEV.S (2010)

Estimates standard deviation based on a sample

STDEVA

Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values

STDEVPA

Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

STEYX

Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression

T.DIST (2010)

Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution

T.DIST.2T (2010)

Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution

T.DIST.RT (2010)

Returns the Student's t-distribution

T.INV (2010)

Returns the t-value of the Student's t-distribution as a function of the probability and the degrees of freedom

T.INV.2T (2010)

Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution

T.TEST (2010)

Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test

TREND

Returns values along a linear trend

TRIMMEAN

Returns the mean of the interior of a data set

VAR.P (2010)

Calculates variance based on the entire population

VAR.S (2010)

Estimates variance based on a sample

VARA

Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values

VARPA

Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

WEIBULL.DIST (2010)

Returns the Weibull distribution

Z.TEST (2010)

Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test

Function

Description

ASC

Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters

ARRAYTOTEXT (2021)

Returns an array of text values from any specified range

BAHTTEXT

Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format

CHAR

Returns the character specified by the code number

CLEAN

Removes all nonprintable characters from text

CODE

Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string

CONCAT (2019)

Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings, but it doesn't provide the delimiter or IgnoreEmpty arguments.

CONCATENATE

Joins several text items into one text item

DBCS (2013)

Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters

DETECTLANGUAGE (Microsoft 365)

Identifies the language of a specified text

DOLLAR

Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format

EXACT

Checks to see if two text values are identical

FIND, FINDB

Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)

FIXED

Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals

LEFT, LEFTB

Returns the leftmost characters from a text value

LEN, LENB

Returns the number of characters in a text string

LOWER

Converts text to lowercase

MID, MIDB

Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify

NUMBERVALUE (2013)

Converts text to number in a locale-independent manner

PHONETIC

Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string

PROPER

Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value

REGEXEXTRACT (Microsoft 365)

Extracts strings within the provided text that matches the pattern

REGEXREPLACE (Microsoft 365)

Replaces strings within the provided text that matches the pattern with replacement

REGEXTEST (Microsoft 365)

Determines whether any part of text matches the pattern

REPLACE, REPLACEB

Replaces characters within text

REPT

Repeats text a given number of times

RIGHT, RIGHTB

Returns the rightmost characters from a text value

SEARCH, SEARCHB

Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)

SUBSTITUTE

Substitutes new text for old text in a text string

T

Converts its arguments to text

TEXT

Formats a number and converts it to text

TEXTAFTER (2024)

Returns text that occurs after given character or string

TEXTBEFORE (2024)

Returns text that occurs before a given character or string

TEXTJOIN (2019)

Text:    Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings

TEXTSPLIT (2024)

Splits text strings by using column and row delimiters

TRANSLATE (Microsoft 365)

Translates a text from one language to another

TRIM

Removes spaces from text

UNICHAR (2013)

Returns the Unicode character that is references by the given numeric value

UNICODE (2013)

Returns the number (code point) that corresponds to the first character of the text

UPPER

Converts text to uppercase

VALUE

Converts a text argument to a number

VALUETOTEXT (2021)

Returns text from any specified value

If add-ins that you install contain functions, these add-in or automation functions will be available in the User Defined category in the Insert Function dialog box.

User-defined functions (UDFs) are not available in Excel for the web.

Function

Description

CALL

Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource

EUROCONVERT

Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation)

REGISTER.ID

Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that has been previously registered

Web functions are not available in Excel for the web.

Function

Description

ENCODEURL (2013)

Returns a URL-encoded string

FILTERXML (2013)

Returns specific data from the XML content by using the specified XPath

WEBSERVICE (2013)

Returns data from a web service

Version markers indicate the version of Excel a function was introduced. These functions aren't available in earlier versions.

Important: The calculated results of formulas and some Excel worksheet functions may differ slightly between a Windows PC using x86 or x86-64 architecture and a Windows RT PC using ARM architecture. Learn more about the differences.

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See Also

Excel functions (alphabetical)

Overview of formulas in Excel

How to avoid broken formulas

Detect errors in formulas

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