Excel functions (alphabetical)
Applies ToExcel for Microsoft 365 Excel for Microsoft 365 for Mac Excel for the web Excel 2024 Excel 2024 for Mac Excel 2021 Excel 2021 for Mac Excel 2019 Excel 2016 Office for business Excel Web App Microsoft Office

Click a letter to go to functions that start with it. Or press Ctrl+F to find a function by typing the first few letters or a descriptive word. To get detailed information about a function, click its name in the first column.

A   B   C   D   E    F   G   H   I   J    K   L    M   

N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y   Z

Note: Version markers indicate the version of Excel a function was introduced. These functions aren't available in earlier versions.

Important: The calculated results of formulas and some Excel worksheet functions may differ slightly between a Windows PC using x86 or x86-64 architecture and a Windows RT PC using ARM architecture. Learn more about the differences

Function name

Type and description

ABS

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the absolute value of a number

ACCRINT

Financial:    Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest

ACCRINTM

Financial:    Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity

ACOS

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the arccosine of a number

ACOSH

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number

ACOT (2013)​​​​​​​

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the arccotangent of a number

ACOTH (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number

AGGREGATE

Math and trigonometry:    Returns an aggregate in a list or database

ADDRESS

Lookup and reference:    Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet

AMORDEGRC

Financial:    Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient

AMORLINC

Financial:    Returns the depreciation for each accounting period

AND

Logical:    Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE

ARABIC (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number

AREAS

Lookup and reference:    Returns the number of areas in a reference

ARRAYTOTEXT (2021) ​​​​​​​

Text:    Returns an array of text values from any specified range

ASC

Text:    Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters

ASIN

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the arcsine of a number

ASINH

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number

ATAN

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the arctangent of a number

ATAN2

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates

ATANH

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number

AVEDEV

Statistical:    Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean

AVERAGE

Statistical:    Returns the average of its arguments

AVERAGEA

Statistical:    Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

AVERAGEIF

Statistical:    Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria

AVERAGEIFS

Statistical:    Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria.

BAHTTEXT

Text:    Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format

BASE

Math and trigonometry:    Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base)

BESSELI

Engineering:    Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)

BESSELJ

Engineering:    Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)

BESSELK

Engineering:    Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)

BESSELY

Engineering:    Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)

BETADIST

Compatibility:    Returns the beta cumulative distribution function

BETA.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the beta cumulative distribution function

BETAINV

Compatibility:    Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution

BETA.INVn (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution

BIN2DEC

Engineering:    Converts a binary number to decimal

BIN2HEX

Engineering:    Converts a binary number to hexadecimal

BIN2OCT

Engineering:    Converts a binary number to octal

BINOMDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability

BINOM.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability

BINOM.DIST.RANGE (2013)

Statistical:    Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution

BINOM.INV (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value

BITAND (2013)

Engineering:    Returns a 'Bitwise And' of two numbers

BITLSHIFT (2013)

Engineering:    Returns a value number shifted left by shift_amount bits

BITOR (2013)

Engineering:    Returns a bitwise OR of 2 numbers

BITRSHIFT (2013)

Engineering:    Returns a value number shifted right by shift_amount bits

BITXOR (2013)

Engineering:    Returns a bitwise 'Exclusive Or' of two numbers

BYCOL (2024)

Logical:    Applies a LAMBDA to each column and returns an array of the results

BYROW (2024)

Logical:    Applies a LAMBDA to each row and returns an array of the results

CALL

Add-in and Automation:    Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource

CEILING

Compatibility:    Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

CEILING.MATH (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

CEILING.PRECISE

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.

CELL

Information:    Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell

This function is not available in Excel for the web.

CHAR

Text:    Returns the character specified by the code number

CHIDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHIINV

Compatibility:    Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHITEST

Compatibility:    Returns the test for independence

CHISQ.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the cumulative beta probability density function

CHISQ.DIST.RT (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHISQ.INV (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the cumulative beta probability density function

CHISQ.INV.RT (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHISQ.TEST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the test for independence

CHOOSE

Lookup and reference:    Chooses a value from a list of values

CHOOSECOLS (2024)

Lookup and reference:    Returns the specified columns from an array

CHOOSEROWS (2024)

Lookup and reference:    Returns the specified rows from an array

CLEAN

Text:    Removes all nonprintable characters from text

CODE

Text:    Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string

COLUMN

Lookup and reference:    Returns the column number of a reference

COLUMNS

Lookup and reference:    Returns the number of columns in a reference

COMBIN

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects

COMBINA (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given number of items

COMPLEX

Engineering:    Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number

CONCAT (2019)

Text:    Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings, but it doesn't provide the delimiter or IgnoreEmpty arguments.

CONCATENATE

Text:    Joins several text items into one text item

CONFIDENCE

Compatibility:    Returns the confidence interval for a population mean

CONFIDENCE.NORM (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the confidence interval for a population mean

CONFIDENCE.T (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student's t distribution

CONVERT

Engineering:    Converts a number from one measurement system to another

CORREL

Statistical:    Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets

COS

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the cosine of a number

COSH

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number

COT (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number

COTH (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the cotangent of an angle

COUNT

Statistical:    Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments

COUNTA

Statistical:    Counts how many values are in the list of arguments

COUNTBLANK

Statistical:    Counts the number of blank cells within a range

COUNTIF

Statistical:    Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria

COUNTIFS

Statistical:    Counts the number of cells within a range that meet multiple criteria

COUPDAYBS

Financial:    Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date

COUPDAYS

Financial:    Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date

COUPDAYSNC

Financial:    Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date

COUPNCD

Financial:    Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date

COUPNUM

Financial:    Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date

COUPPCD

Financial:    Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date

COVAR

Compatibility:    Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations

COVARIANCE.P (2010)

Statistical:    Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations

COVARIANCE.S (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products deviations for each data point pair in two data sets

CRITBINOM

Compatibility:    Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value

CSC (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the cosecant of an angle

CSCH (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle

CUBEKPIMEMBER

Cube:    Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name, property, and measure, and displays the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization's performance.

CUBEMEMBER

Cube:    Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.

CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY

Cube:    Returns the value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member.

CUBERANKEDMEMBER

Cube:    Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or top 10 students.

CUBESET

Cube:    Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office Excel.

CUBESETCOUNT

Cube:    Returns the number of items in a set.

CUBEVALUE

Cube:    Returns an aggregated value from a cube.

CUMIPMT

Financial:    Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods

CUMPRINC

Financial:    Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods

DATE

Date and time:    Returns the serial number of a particular date

DATEDIF

Date and time:    Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two dates. This function is useful in formulas where you need to calculate an age.

DATEVALUE

Date and time:    Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number

DAVERAGE

Database:    Returns the average of selected database entries

DAY

Date and time:    Converts a serial number to a day of the month

DAYS (2013)

Date and time:    Returns the number of days between two dates

DAYS360

Date and time:    Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year

DB

Financial:    Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method

DBCS (2013)

Text:    Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters

DCOUNT

Database:    Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database

DCOUNTA

Database:    Counts nonblank cells in a database

DDB

Financial:    Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify

DEC2BIN

Engineering:    Converts a decimal number to binary

DEC2HEX

Engineering:    Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal

DEC2OCT

Engineering:    Converts a decimal number to octal

DECIMAL (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number

DEGREES

Math and trigonometry:    Converts radians to degrees

DELTA

Engineering:    Tests whether two values are equal

DETECTLANGUAGE (Microsoft 365)

Text:    Identifies the language of a specified text

DEVSQ

Statistical:    Returns the sum of squares of deviations

DGET

Database:    Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria

DISC

Financial:    Returns the discount rate for a security

DMAX

Database:    Returns the maximum value from selected database entries

DMIN

Database:    Returns the minimum value from selected database entries

DOLLAR

Text:    Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format

DOLLARDE

Financial:    Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number

DOLLARFR

Financial:    Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction

DPRODUCT

Database:    Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database

DROP (2024)

Lookup and reference:    Excludes a specified number of rows or columns from the start or end of an array

DSTDEV

Database:    Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries

DSTDEVP

Database:    Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries

DSUM

Database:    Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria

DURATION

Financial:    Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments

DVAR

Database:    Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries

DVARP

Database:    Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries

EDATE

Date and time:    Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date

EFFECT

Financial:    Returns the effective annual interest rate

ENCODEURL (2013)

Web:    Returns a URL-encoded string

This function is not available in Excel for the web.

EOMONTH

Date and time:    Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months

ERF

Engineering:    Returns the error function

ERF.PRECISE (2010)

Engineering:    Returns the error function

ERFC

Engineering:    Returns the complementary error function

ERFC.PRECISE (2010)

Engineering:    Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between x and infinity

ERROR.TYPE

Information:    Returns a number corresponding to an error type

EUROCONVERT

Add-in and Automation:    Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation).

EVEN

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer

EXACT

Text:    Checks to see if two text values are identical

EXP

Math and trigonometry:    Returns e raised to the power of a given number

EXPAND (2024)

Lookup and reference:    Expands or pads an array to specified row and column dimensions

EXPON.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the exponential distribution

EXPONDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the exponential distribution

FACT

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the factorial of a number

FACTDOUBLE

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the double factorial of a number

FALSE

Logical:    Returns the logical value FALSE

F.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the F probability distribution

FDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the F probability distribution

F.DIST.RT (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the F probability distribution

FILTER (2021)

Lookup and reference:    Filters a range of data based on criteria you define

FILTERXML (2013)

Web:    Returns specific data from the XML content by using the specified XPath

This function is not available in Excel for the web.

FIND, FINDB

Text:    Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)

F.INV (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

F.INV.RT (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

FINV

Compatibility:    Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

FISHER

Statistical:    Returns the Fisher transformation

FISHERINV

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation

FIXED

Text:    Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals

FLOOR

Compatibility:    Rounds a number down, toward zero

FLOOR.MATH (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

FLOOR.PRECISE

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.

FORECAST

Statistical:    Returns a value along a linear trend

This function has been replaced with FORECAST.LINEAR as part of the new Forecasting, but it's still available for compatibility with earlier versions.

FORECAST.ETS (2016)

Statistical:    Returns a future value based on existing (historical) values by using the AAA version of the Exponential Smoothing (ETS) algorithm

FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT (2016)

Statistical:    Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date

FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY (2016)

Statistical:    Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel detects for the specified time series

FORECAST.ETS.STAT (2016)

Statistical:    Returns a statistical value as a result of time series forecasting

FORECAST.LINEAR (2016)

Statistical:    Returns a future value based on existing values

FORMULATEXT (2013)

Lookup and reference:    Returns the formula at the given reference as text

FREQUENCY

Statistical:    Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array

F.TEST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the result of an F-test

FTEST

Compatibility:    Returns the result of an F-test

FV

Financial:    Returns the future value of an investment

FVSCHEDULE

Financial:    Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates

GAMMA (2013)

Statistical:    Returns the Gamma function value

GAMMA.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the gamma distribution

GAMMADIST

Compatibility:    Returns the gamma distribution

GAMMA.INV (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution

GAMMAINV

Compatibility:    Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution

GAMMALN

Statistical:    Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)

GAMMALN.PRECISE (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)

GAUSS (2013)

Statistical:    Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal cumulative distribution

GCD

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the greatest common divisor

GEOMEAN

Statistical:    Returns the geometric mean

GESTEP

Engineering:    Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value

GETPIVOTDATA

Lookup and reference:    Returns data stored in a PivotTable report

GROUPBY (Microsoft 365)

Lookup and reference:    Helps a user group, aggregate, sort, and filter data based on the fields you specify

GROWTH

Statistical:    Returns values along an exponential trend

HARMEAN

Statistical:    Returns the harmonic mean

HEX2BIN

Engineering:    Converts a hexadecimal number to binary

HEX2DEC

Engineering:    Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal

HEX2OCT

Engineering:    Converts a hexadecimal number to octal

HLOOKUP

Lookup and reference:    Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell

HOUR

Date and time:    Converts a serial number to an hour

HSTACK (2024)

Lookup and reference:    Appends arrays horizontally and in sequence to return a larger array

HYPERLINK

Lookup and reference:    Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet

HYPGEOM.DIST

Statistical:    Returns the hypergeometric distribution

HYPGEOMDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the hypergeometric distribution

IF

Logical:    Specifies a logical test to perform

IFERROR

Logical:    Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula

IFNA (2013)

Logical:    Returns the value you specify if the expression resolves to #N/A, otherwise returns the result of the expression

IFS (2019)

Logical:    Checks whether one or more conditions are met and returns a value that corresponds to the first TRUE condition.

IMABS

Engineering:    Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number

IMAGE (2024)

Lookup and reference: Returns an image from a given source

IMAGINARY

Engineering:    Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number

IMARGUMENT

Engineering:    Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians

IMCONJUGATE

Engineering:    Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number

IMCOS

Engineering:    Returns the cosine of a complex number

IMCOSH (2013)

Engineering:    Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number

IMCOT (2013)

Engineering:    Returns the cotangent of a complex number

IMCSC (2013)

Engineering:    Returns the cosecant of a complex number

IMCSCH (2013)

Engineering:    Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number

IMDIV

Engineering:    Returns the quotient of two complex numbers

IMEXP

Engineering:    Returns the exponential of a complex number

IMLN

Engineering:    Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG10

Engineering:    Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG2

Engineering:    Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number

IMPOWER

Engineering:    Returns a complex number raised to an integer power

IMPRODUCT

Engineering:    Returns the product of complex numbers

IMREAL

Engineering:    Returns the real coefficient of a complex number

IMSEC (2013)

Engineering:    Returns the secant of a complex number

IMSECH (2013)

Engineering:    Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number

IMSIN

Engineering:    Returns the sine of a complex number

IMSINH (2013)

Engineering:    Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number

IMSQRT

Engineering:    Returns the square root of a complex number

IMSUB

Engineering:    Returns the difference between two complex numbers

IMSUM

Engineering:    Returns the sum of complex numbers

IMTAN (2013)

Engineering:    Returns the tangent of a complex number

INDEX

Lookup and reference:    Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array

INDIRECT

Lookup and reference:    Returns a reference indicated by a text value

INFO

Information:    Returns information about the current operating environment

This function is not available in Excel for the web.

INT

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number down to the nearest integer

INTERCEPT

Statistical:    Returns the intercept of the linear regression line

INTRATE

Financial:    Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security

IPMT

Financial:    Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period

IRR

Financial:    Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows

ISBLANK

Information:    Returns TRUE if the value is blank

ISERR

Information:    Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A

ISERROR

Information:    Returns TRUE if the value is any error value

ISEVEN

Information:    Returns TRUE if the number is even

ISFORMULA (2013)

Information:    Returns TRUE if there is a reference to a cell that contains a formula

ISLOGICAL

Information:    Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value

ISNA

Information:    Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value

ISNONTEXT

Information:    Returns TRUE if the value is not text

ISNUMBER

Information:    Returns TRUE if the value is a number

ISODD

Information:    Returns TRUE if the number is odd

ISOMITTED (2024)

Information:    Checks whether the value in a LAMBDA is missing and returns TRUE or FALSE

ISREF

Information:    Returns TRUE if the value is a reference

ISTEXT

Information:    Returns TRUE if the value is text

ISO.CEILING (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

ISOWEEKNUM (2013)

Date and time:    Returns the number of the ISO week number of the year for a given date

ISPMT

Financial:    Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment

JIS

Text:    Changes half-width (single-byte) characters within a string to full-width (double-byte) characters

KURT

Statistical:    Returns the kurtosis of a data set

LAMBDA (2024)

Logical:    Create custom, reusable and call them by a friendly name

LARGE

Statistical:    Returns the k-th largest value in a data set

LCM

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the least common multiple

LEFT, LEFTB

Text:    Returns the leftmost characters from a text value

LEN, LENB

Text:    Returns the number of characters in a text string

LET (2021)

Logical:    Assigns names to calculation results

LINEST

Statistical:    Returns the parameters of a linear trend

LN

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the natural logarithm of a number

LOG

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base

LOG10

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number

LOGEST

Statistical:    Returns the parameters of an exponential trend

LOGINV

Compatibility:    Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution

LOGNORM.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

LOGNORMDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

LOGNORM.INV (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution

LOOKUP

Lookup and reference:    Looks up values in a vector or array

LOWER

Text:    Converts text to lowercase

MAKEARRAY (2024)

Logical:    Returns a calculated array of a specified row and column size, by applying a LAMBDA

MAP (2024)

Logical:    Returns an array formed by mapping each value in the array(s) to a new value by applying a LAMBDA to create a new value

MATCH

Lookup and reference:    Looks up values in a reference or array

MAX

Statistical:    Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments

MAXA

Statistical:    Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

MAXIFS (2019)

Statistical:    Returns the maximum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria

MDETERM

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the matrix determinant of an array

MDURATION

Financial:    Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100

MEDIAN

Statistical:    Returns the median of the given numbers

MID, MIDB

Text:    Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify

MIN

Statistical:    Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments

MINIFS (2019)

Statistical:    Returns the minimum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria.

MINA

Statistical:    Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

MINUTE

Date and time:    Converts a serial number to a minute

MINVERSE

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the matrix inverse of an array

MIRR

Financial:    Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates

MMULT

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the matrix product of two arrays

MOD

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the remainder from division

MODE

Compatibility:    Returns the most common value in a data set

MODE.MULT (2010)

Statistical:    Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range of data

MODE.SNGL (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the most common value in a data set

MONTH

Date and time:    Converts a serial number to a month

MROUND

Math and trigonometry:    Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple

MULTINOMIAL

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers

MUNIT (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension

N

Information:    Returns a value converted to a number

NA

Information:    Returns the error value #N/A

NEGBINOM.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the negative binomial distribution

NEGBINOMDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the negative binomial distribution

NETWORKDAYS

Date and time:    Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates

NETWORKDAYS.INTL (2010)

Date and time:    Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days

NOMINAL

Financial:    Returns the annual nominal interest rate

NORM.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the normal cumulative distribution

NORMDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the normal cumulative distribution

NORMINV

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution

NORM.INV (2010)

Compatibility:    Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution

NORM.S.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution

NORMSDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution

NORM.S.INV (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution

NORMSINV

Compatibility:    Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution

NOT

Logical:    Reverses the logic of its argument

NOW

Date and time:    Returns the serial number of the current date and time

NPER

Financial:    Returns the number of periods for an investment

NPV

Financial:    Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate

NUMBERVALUE (2013)

Text:    Converts text to number in a locale-independent manner

OCT2BIN

Engineering:    Converts an octal number to binary

OCT2DEC

Engineering:    Converts an octal number to decimal

OCT2HEX

Engineering:    Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

ODD

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer

ODDFPRICE

Financial:    Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period

ODDFYIELD

Financial:    Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period

ODDLPRICE

Financial:    Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period

ODDLYIELD

Financial:    Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period

OFFSET

Lookup and reference:    Returns a reference offset from a given reference

OR

Logical:    Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE

PDURATION (2013)

Financial:    Returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a specified value

PEARSON

Statistical:    Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

PERCENTILE.EXC (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive

PERCENTILE.INC (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range

PERCENTILE

Compatibility:    Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range

PERCENTOF (Microsoft 365)​​​​​​​

Math and trigonometry:    Sums the values in the subset and divides it by all the values

PERCENTRANK.EXC (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, exclusive) of the data set

PERCENTRANK.INC (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set

PERCENTRANK

Compatibility:    Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set

PERMUT

Statistical:    Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects

PERMUTATIONA (2013)

Statistical:    Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects (with repetitions) that can be selected from the total objects

PHI (2013)

Statistical:    Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution

PHONETIC

Text:    Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string

PI

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the value of pi

PIVOTBY (Microsoft 365)

Lookup and reference:    Helps a user group, aggregate, sort, and filter data based on the row and column fields that you specify

PMT

Financial:    Returns the periodic payment for an annuity

POISSON.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the Poisson distribution

POISSON

Compatibility:    Returns the Poisson distribution

POWER

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the result of a number raised to a power

PPMT

Financial:    Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period

PRICE

Financial:    Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest

PRICEDISC

Financial:    Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security

PRICEMAT

Financial:    Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity

PROB

Statistical:    Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits

PRODUCT

Math and trigonometry:    Multiplies its arguments

PROPER

Text:    Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value

PV

Financial:    Returns the present value of an investment

QUARTILE

Compatibility:    Returns the quartile of a data set

QUARTILE.EXC (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive

QUARTILE.INC (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the quartile of a data set

QUOTIENT

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the integer portion of a division

RADIANS

Math and trigonometry:    Converts degrees to radians

RAND

Math and trigonometry:    Returns a random number between 0 and 1

RANDARRAY (2021)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns an array of random numbers between 0 and 1. However, you can specify the number of rows and columns to fill, minimum and maximum values, and whether to return whole numbers or decimal values.

RANDBETWEEN

Math and trigonometry:    Returns a random number between the numbers you specify

RANK.AVG (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

RANK.EQ (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

RANK

Compatibility:    Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

RATE

Financial:    Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity

RECEIVED

Financial:    Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security

REDUCE (2024)

Logical:    Reduces an array to an accumulated value by applying a LAMBDA to each value and returning the total value in the accumulator

REGEXEXTRACT (Microsoft 365)

Text:    Extracts strings within the provided text that matches the pattern

REGEXREPLACE (Microsoft 365)

Text:    Replaces strings within the provided text that matches the pattern with replacement

REGEXTEST (Microsoft 365)​​​​​​​

Text:    Determines whether any part of text matches the pattern

REGISTER.ID

Add-in and Automation:    Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that has been previously registered

REPLACE, REPLACEB

Text:    Replaces characters within text

REPT

Text:    Repeats text a given number of times

RIGHT, RIGHTB

Text:    Returns the rightmost characters from a text value

ROMAN

Math and trigonometry:    Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text

ROUND

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number to a specified number of digits

ROUNDDOWN

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number down, toward zero

ROUNDUP

Math and trigonometry:    Rounds a number up, away from zero

ROW

Lookup and reference:    Returns the row number of a reference

ROWS

Lookup and reference:    Returns the number of rows in a reference

RRI (2013)

Financial:    Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment

RSQ

Statistical:    Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

RTD

Lookup and reference:    Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation

SCAN (2024)

Logical:    Scans an array by applying a LAMBDA to each value and returns an array that has each intermediate value

SEARCH, SEARCHB

Text:    Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)

SEC (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the secant of an angle

SECH (2013)

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle

SECOND

Date and time:    Converts a serial number to a second

SEQUENCE (2021)

Math and trigonometry:    Generates a list of sequential numbers in an array, such as 1, 2, 3, 4

SERIESSUM

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula

SHEET (2013)

Information:    Returns the sheet number of the referenced sheet

SHEETS (2013)

Information:    Returns the number of sheets in a reference

SIGN

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the sign of a number

SIN

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the sine of the given angle

SINH

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number

SKEW

Statistical:    Returns the skewness of a distribution

SKEW.P (2013)

Statistical:    Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population: a characterization of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution around its mean

SLN

Financial:    Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period

SLOPE

Statistical:    Returns the slope of the linear regression line

SMALL

Statistical:    Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set

SORT (2021)

Lookup and reference:    Sorts the contents of a range or array

SORTBY (2021)

Lookup and reference:    Sorts the contents of a range or array based on the values in a corresponding range or array

SQRT

Math and trigonometry:    Returns a positive square root

SQRTPI

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the square root of (number * pi)

STANDARDIZE

Statistical:    Returns a normalized value

STOCKHISTORY (Microsoft 365)

Information:    Retrieves historical data about a financial instrument

STDEV

Compatibility:    Estimates standard deviation based on a sample

STDEV.P (2010)

Statistical:    Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population

STDEV.S (2010)

Statistical:    Estimates standard deviation based on a sample

STDEVA

Statistical:    Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values

STDEVP

Compatibility:    Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population

STDEVPA

Statistical:    Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

STEYX

Statistical:    Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression

STOCKHISTORY

Information:    Retrieves historical data about a financial instrument and loads it as an array

SUBSTITUTE

Text:    Substitutes new text for old text in a text string

SUBTOTAL

Math and trigonometry:    Returns a subtotal in a list or database

SUM

Math and trigonometry:    Adds its arguments

SUMIF

Math and trigonometry:    Adds the cells specified by a given criteria

SUMIFS

Math and trigonometry:    Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria

SUMPRODUCT

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components

SUMSQ

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments

SUMX2MY2

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays

SUMX2PY2

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays

SUMXMY2

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays

SWITCH (2019)

Logical:    Evaluates an expression against a list of values and returns the result corresponding to the first matching value. If there is no match, an optional default value may be returned.

SYD

Financial:    Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period

T

Text:    Converts its arguments to text

TAN

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the tangent of a number

TANH

Math and trigonometry:    Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number

TAKE (2024)

Lookup and reference:    Returns a specified number of contiguous rows or columns from the start or end of an array

TBILLEQ

Financial:    Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill

TBILLPRICE

Financial:    Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill

TBILLYIELD

Financial:    Returns the yield for a Treasury bill

T.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution

T.DIST.2T (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution

T.DIST.RT (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the Student's t-distribution

TDIST

Compatibility:    Returns the Student's t-distribution

TEXT

Text:    Formats a number and converts it to text

TEXTAFTER (2024)

Text:    Returns text that occurs after given character or string

TEXTBEFORE (2024)

Text:    Returns text that occurs before a given character or string

TEXTJOIN (2019)

Text:    Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings

TEXTSPLIT (2024)

Text:    Splits text strings by using column and row delimiters

TIME

Date and time:    Returns the serial number of a particular time

TIMEVALUE

Date and time:    Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number

T.INV (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the t-value of the Student's t-distribution as a function of the probability and the degrees of freedom

T.INV.2T (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution

TINV

Compatibility:    Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution

TOCOL (2024)

Lookup and reference:    Returns the array in a single column

TOROW (2024)

Lookup and reference:    Returns the array in a single row

TODAY

Date and time:    Returns the serial number of today's date

TRANSLATE (Microsoft 365)​​​​​​​

Text:    Translates a text from one language to another

TRANSPOSE

Lookup and reference:    Returns the transpose of an array

TREND

Statistical:    Returns values along a linear trend

TRIM

Text:    Removes spaces from text

TRIMMEAN

Statistical:    Returns the mean of the interior of a data set

TRIMRANGE (Microsoft 365)

Lookup and reference:    Scans in from the edges of a range or array until it finds a non-blank cell (or value), it then excludes those blank rows or columns

TRUE

Logical:    Returns the logical value TRUE

TRUNC

Math and trigonometry:    Truncates a number to an integer

T.TEST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test

TTEST

Compatibility:    Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test

TYPE

Information:    Returns a number indicating the data type of a value

UNICHAR (2013)

Text:    Returns the Unicode character that is references by the given numeric value

UNICODE (2013)

Text:    Returns the number (code point) that corresponds to the first character of the text

UNIQUE (2021)

Lookup and reference:    Returns a list of unique values in a list or range

UPPER

Text:    Converts text to uppercase

VALUE

Text:    Converts a text argument to a number

VALUETOTEXT (2021)​​​​​​​

Text:    Returns text from any specified value

VAR

Compatibility:    Estimates variance based on a sample

VAR.P (2010)

Statistical:    Calculates variance based on the entire population

VAR.S (2010)

Statistical:    Estimates variance based on a sample

VARA

Statistical:    Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values

VARP

Compatibility:    Calculates variance based on the entire population

VARPA

Statistical:    Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

VDB

Financial:    Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method

VLOOKUP

Lookup and reference:    Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell

VSTACK (2024)

Look and reference:    Appends arrays vertically and in sequence to return a larger array

WEBSERVICE (2013)

Web:    Returns data from a web service.

This function is not available in Excel for the web.

WEEKDAY

Date and time:    Converts a serial number to a day of the week

WEEKNUM

Date and time:    Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year

WEIBULL

Compatibility:    Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

WEIBULL.DIST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the Weibull distribution

WORKDAY

Date and time:    Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays

WORKDAY.INTL (2010)

Date and time:    Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days

WRAPCOLS (2024)

Look and reference:    Wraps the provided row or column of values by columns after a specified number of elements

WRAPROWS (2024)

Look and reference:    Wraps the provided row or column of values by rows after a specified number of elements

XIRR

Financial:    Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic

XLOOKUP (2021)

Lookup and reference:    Searches a range or an array, and returns an item corresponding to the first match it finds. If a match doesn't exist, then XLOOKUP can return the closest (approximate) match. 

XMATCH (2021)

Lookup and reference:    Returns the relative position of an item in an array or range of cells. 

XNPV

Financial:    Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic

XOR (2013)

Logical:    Returns a logical exclusive OR of all arguments

YEAR

Date and time:    Converts a serial number to a year

YEARFRAC

Date and time:    Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date

YIELD

Financial:    Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest

YIELDDISC

Financial:    Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill

YIELDMAT

Financial:    Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity

Z.TEST (2010)

Statistical:    Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test

ZTEST

Compatibility:    Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test

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