Rezumat
Această actualizare aduce îmbunătățiri de calitate pentru stiva de servicii, care este componenta ce instalează actualizările Windows.
Vă recomandăm ferm să instalați ultima actualizare a stivei de servicii (SSU) pentru sistemul de operare înainte de a instala ultima actualizare cumulativă (LCU). Instalarea actualizărilor stivei de servicii (SSU) asigură că aveți o stivă de servicii robustă și fiabilă, astfel încât dispozitivele dvs. să poată primi și instala remedieri de securitate Microsoft. Pentru informații generale despre SSU, consultați următoarele articole:
Cum se obține această actualizare
Metoda 1: Windows Update
Această actualizare este disponibilă prin Windows Update. Va fi descărcată și instalată automat.
Metoda 2: Catalog Microsoft Update
Pentru a obține pachetul independent pentru această actualizare, accesați site-ul web Catalog Microsoft Update.
Metoda 3: Serviciile de actualizare Windows Server
Această actualizare este disponibilă prin Serviciile de actualizare Windows Server (WSUS).
Cerințe preliminare
Nu există cerințe preliminare pentru a aplica această actualizare.
Informații despre repornire
Nu este necesar să vă reporniți computerul după ce aplicați această actualizare.
Informații despre înlocuirea actualizării
Această actualizare înlocuiește actualizarea lansată anterior, KB 4523206.
Informații despre fișiere
Atribute fișier
Versiunea în limba engleză (Statele Unite) a acestei actualizări de software instalează fișiere care au atributele ce sunt listate în tabelele următoare.
Windows 7 și Windows Server 2008 R2Notă: Fișierele MANIFEST (.manifest) și fișierele MUM (.mum) care sunt instalate nu sunt listate.
Verificarea fișierelor
Informații despre hashurile fișierelor
Nume fișier |
Hash SHA1 |
Hash SHA256 |
---|---|---|
Windows6.1-KB4531786-x86.msu |
F5E77B10701603F4C2FD9EE9E817E5CD3057915D |
1515404258CE5DD05A8575E88690D399DD766DDD0296A67ABBA8AC7F9CBA798E |
Windows6.1-KB4531786-ia64.msu |
38F5AD5043CBFD19C2BB99B4EC9821C20543CC38 |
808777E7317D790F7F8D8037E0BE3C7A89FBAE9A1DCA2873E5793F3018434FB4 |
Windows6.1-KB4531786-x64.msu |
FC7C2BB89D312C8184E367D2169D0C8FDCB97BF4 |
23503E0A45C649F9A6A0608959D0BDCF441C8D46CB437254349473FBED00100A |
Pentru toate versiunile bazate pe x86 acceptate
Nume fișier |
Versiune fișier |
Dimensiune fișier |
Data |
Ora |
Apds.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,798,144 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Apircl.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
223,744 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Apss.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
201,216 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cbscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
845,824 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cbsmsg.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
28,672 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Cmiadapter.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
120,320 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cmitrust.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
296,960 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cmiv2.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
2,040,832 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cntrtextinstaller.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
143,872 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Dpx.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
257,024 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Drupdate.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
174,080 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Drvstore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
323,584 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Esscli.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
266,240 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Extendedsecurityupdatesai.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
85,504 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Fastprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
606,720 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Globalinstallorder.xml |
Inaplicabil |
1,973,556 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:41 |
Helpcins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
105,472 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Locdrv.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
229,888 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Mofd.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
192,000 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Mofinstall.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
58,880 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Msdelta.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
305,664 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Mspatcha.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
35,328 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Oemhelpins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
151,040 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Pkgmgr.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
209,920 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Poqexec.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
123,904 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Repdrvfs.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
302,080 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Smiengine.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
697,344 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Smipi.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
98,816 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Svcini.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
16,384 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Wbemcomn.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
363,520 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wbemcore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
780,288 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wbemprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
29,184 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wcmtypes.xsd |
Inaplicabil |
1,047 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:59 |
Wcp.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,913,344 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wdscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
190,464 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wmicmiplugin.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
351,744 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wmiutils.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
85,504 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wrpint.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
54,272 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:56 |
Xmllite.dll |
1.3.1001.0 |
180,736 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Pentru toate versiunile pe 64 de biți acceptate
Nume fișier |
Versiune fișier |
Dimensiune fișier |
Data |
Ora |
Apds.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
3,342,336 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Apircl.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
752,128 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Apss.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
560,128 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Cbscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,837,056 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Cbsmsg.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
40,448 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Cmiadapter.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
284,672 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Cmitrust.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
987,136 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Cmiv2.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
6,536,192 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Cntrtextinstaller.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
357,376 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Dpx.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
770,560 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Drupdate.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
390,656 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Drvstore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
742,912 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Esscli.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,011,200 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Extendedsecurityupdatesai.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
208,896 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:43 |
Fastprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
2,100,224 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Globalinstallorder.xml |
Inaplicabil |
1,973,556 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:41 |
Helpcins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
187,904 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Locdrv.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
803,328 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Mofd.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
643,584 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Mofinstall.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
193,024 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Msdelta.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
890,880 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Mspatcha.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
111,104 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Oemhelpins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
420,352 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Pkgmgr.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
334,848 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:43 |
Poqexec.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
272,384 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:43 |
Repdrvfs.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,067,520 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Smiengine.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,953,792 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Smipi.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
186,880 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Svcini.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
41,984 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:43 |
Wbemcomn.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,005,056 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Wbemcore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
2,959,872 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Wbemprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
102,912 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Wcmtypes.xsd |
Inaplicabil |
1,047 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:59 |
Wcp.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
5,137,408 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Wdscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
600,576 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Wmicmiplugin.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
940,544 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Wmiutils.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
273,408 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Wrpint.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
128,000 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Xmllite.dll |
1.3.1001.0 |
449,024 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:08 |
Apds.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,798,144 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Apircl.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
223,744 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Apss.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
201,216 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cbscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
845,824 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cbsmsg.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
28,672 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Cmiadapter.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
120,320 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cmitrust.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
296,960 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cmiv2.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
2,040,832 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cntrtextinstaller.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
143,872 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Dpx.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
257,024 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Drupdate.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
174,080 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Drvstore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
323,584 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Esscli.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
266,240 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Extendedsecurityupdatesai.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
85,504 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Fastprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
606,720 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Globalinstallorder.xml |
Inaplicabil |
1,973,556 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:41 |
Helpcins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
105,472 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Locdrv.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
229,888 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Mofd.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
192,000 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Mofinstall.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
58,880 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Msdelta.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
305,664 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Mspatcha.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
35,328 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Oemhelpins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
151,040 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Pkgmgr.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
209,920 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Poqexec.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
123,904 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Repdrvfs.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
302,080 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Smiengine.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
697,344 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Smipi.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
98,816 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Svcini.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
16,384 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Wbemcomn.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
363,520 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wbemcore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
780,288 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wbemprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
29,184 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wcmtypes.xsd |
Inaplicabil |
1,047 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:59 |
Wcp.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,913,344 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wdscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
190,464 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wmicmiplugin.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
351,744 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wmiutils.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
85,504 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wrpint.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
54,272 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:56 |
Xmllite.dll |
1.3.1001.0 |
180,736 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Pentru toate versiunile pe 64 de biți acceptate
Nume fișier |
Versiune fișier |
Dimensiune fișier |
Data |
Ora |
Apds.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
2,172,928 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Apircl.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
276,480 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Apss.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
235,520 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Cbscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
976,896 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Cbsmsg.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
28,672 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Cmiadapter.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
125,952 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Cmitrust.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
479,232 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Cmiv2.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
3,739,136 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Cntrtextinstaller.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
170,496 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Dpx.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
399,872 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Drupdate.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
204,288 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Drvstore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
423,936 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Esscli.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
440,320 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Extendedsecurityupdatesai.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
98,304 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:48 |
Fastprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
909,824 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Globalinstallorder.xml |
Inaplicabil |
1,973,556 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:41 |
Helpcins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
142,336 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Locdrv.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
370,176 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Mofd.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
278,528 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Mofinstall.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
76,288 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Msdelta.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
452,096 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Mspatcha.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
46,592 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:21 |
Oemhelpins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
222,208 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Pkgmgr.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
199,168 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:48 |
Poqexec.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
142,336 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:48 |
Repdrvfs.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
454,144 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Smiengine.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
933,376 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Smipi.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
104,448 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Svcini.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
17,920 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:48 |
Wbemcomn.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
529,920 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Wbemcore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,225,216 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Wbemprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
43.520 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Wcmtypes.xsd |
Inaplicabil |
1,047 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:57 |
Wcp.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
2,762,752 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Wdscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
271,872 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Wmicmiplugin.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
525,824 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Wmiutils.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
137,216 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Wrpint.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
60,928 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Xmllite.dll |
1.3.1001.0 |
198,656 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:22 |
Apds.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,798,144 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Apircl.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
223,744 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Apss.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
201,216 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cbscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
845,824 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cbsmsg.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
28,672 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Cmiadapter.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
120,320 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cmitrust.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
296,960 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cmiv2.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
2,040,832 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Cntrtextinstaller.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
143,872 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Dpx.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
257,024 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Drupdate.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
174,080 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Drvstore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
323,584 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Esscli.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
266,240 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Extendedsecurityupdatesai.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
85,504 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Fastprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
606,720 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Globalinstallorder.xml |
Inaplicabil |
1,973,556 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:41 |
Helpcins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
105,472 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Locdrv.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
229,888 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Mofd.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
192,000 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Mofinstall.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
58,880 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Msdelta.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
305,664 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Mspatcha.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
35,328 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Oemhelpins.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
151,040 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Pkgmgr.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
209,920 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Poqexec.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
123,904 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Repdrvfs.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
302,080 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Smiengine.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
697,344 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Smipi.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
98,816 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Svcini.exe |
6.1.7601.24537 |
16,384 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:58 |
Wbemcomn.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
363,520 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wbemcore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
780,288 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wbemprox.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
29,184 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wcmtypes.xsd |
Inaplicabil |
1,047 |
18-Nov-2018 |
02:59 |
Wcp.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
1,913,344 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wdscore.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
190,464 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wmicmiplugin.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
351,744 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wmiutils.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
85,504 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Wrpint.dll |
6.1.7601.24537 |
54,272 |
15-Nov-2019 |
01:56 |
Xmllite.dll |
1.3.1001.0 |
180,736 |
15-Nov-2019 |
02:29 |
Referințe
Pentru mai multe informații despre SSU, consultați Actualizările stivei de servicii.
Aflați despre terminologia pe care o utilizează Microsoft pentru a descrie actualizările de software.