These functions are used within formulas in order to calculate the values for custom fields.
Tip: To enter a formula into a custom field, click the Project tab, and in the Properties group, click Custom Fields. In the Custom Fields dialog box, click Formula.
Overview of Project functions
When you use Microsoft Project, you might need to work with values that do not reside directly in fields. Formulas enable you to work with fields to create these new values.
The following examples illustrate how you can use formulas with custom fields:
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When added to a custom number field, the following formula returns a numerical value that indicates the number of days between the current date and the finish date of the tasks in your schedule:
DateDiff("d",NOW(),[Finish])
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When added to a custom text field, the following formula returns a value of "No baseline," "Overbudget by 20% or more," or "Under budget":
Switch(Len(CStr([Baseline Finish]))<3, "No baseline", ([Cost]+1)/ ([Baseline Cost]+1)>1.2,"Overbudget by 20% or more", ([Cost]+1)/([Baseline Cost]+1)>1, "Overbudget",True,"Under budget") The CStr function in the above formula works only if the [Baseline Finish] field is defined.
Conversion functions
Asc
Returns an Integer representing the character code that corresponds to the first letter in a string.
Syntax
Asc( string )
string Any valid string expression.
CBool
Coerces an expression to data type Boolean.
Syntax
CBool( expression )
expression Any valid string or numeric expression.
CByte
Coerces an expression to data type Byte.
Syntax
CByte( expression )
expression Any Integer from 0 to 255.
CCur
Coerces an expression to data type Currency.
Syntax
CCur( expression )
expression Any numeric expression from -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807.
CDate
Coerces an expression to data type Date.
Syntax
CDate( expression )
expression Any valid date expression.
CDbl
Coerces an expression to data type Double.
Syntax
CDbl( expression )
expression Any numeric expression from -1.79769313486232E308 to -4.94065645841247E-324 for negative values; 4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232E308 for positive values.
CDec
Coerces an expression to data type Decimal.
Syntax
CDec( expression )
expression Any numeric expression from +/-79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,335 for zero-scaled numbers, that is, numbers with no decimal places. For numbers with 28 decimal places, the range is +/-7.9228162514264337593543950335. The smallest possible non-zero number is 0.0000000000000000000000000001.
Chr
Returns a String containing the character associated with the specified character code.
Syntax
Chr( charcode )
charcode A Long that identifies a character.
CInt
Coerces an expression to data type Integer.
Syntax
CInt( expression )
expression Any numeric expression from -32,768 to 32,767; fractions are rounded.
CLng
Coerces an expression to data type Long.
Syntax
CLng( expression )
expression Any numeric expression from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647; fractions are rounded.
CSng
Coerces an expression to data type Single.
Syntax
CSng( expression )
expression Any numeric expression -3.402823E38 to -1.401298E-45 for negative values; 1.401298E-45 to 3.402823E38 for positive values.
CStr
Coerces an expression to data type String.
Syntax
CStr( expression )
expression Any valid string or numeric expression.
CVar
Coerces an expression to data type Variant.
Syntax
CVar( expression )
expression Same range as Double for numerics. Same range as String for non-numerics.
DateSerial
Returns a Variant (Date) for a specified year, month, and day.
Syntax
DateSerial( year, month, day )
year Required; Integer. Number between 100 and 9999, inclusive, or a numeric expression.
month Required; Integer. Any numeric expression.
day Required; Integer. Any numeric expression.
DateValue
Returns a Variant (Date).
Syntax
DateValue( date )
date Required; normally a string expression representing a date from January 1, 100, through December 31, 9999. However, date can also be any expression that can represent a date, a time, or both a date and time, in that range.
Day
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 1 and 31, inclusive, representing the day of the month.
Syntax
Day( date)
date Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned.
Hex
Returns a String representing the hexadecimal value of a number.
Syntax
Hex( number )
number Required; any valid string or numeric expression.
Hour
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 0 and 23, inclusive, representing the hour of the day.
Syntax
Hour( time )
time Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned.
Minute
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 0 and 59, inclusive, representing the minute of the hour.
Syntax
Minute( time )
time Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned.
Month
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 1 and 12, inclusive, representing the month of the year.
Syntax
Month( date)
date Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a time. If date contains Null, Null is returned.
Oct
Returns a Variant (String) representing the octal value of a number.
Syntax
Oct( number )
number Required; any valid string or numeric expression.
ProjDateConv
Converts a value to a date.
Syntax
ProjDateConv( expression, dateformat )
expression Required; Variant. The expression to convert to a date.
dateformat Optional; Long. The date format default is pjDateDefault, but you can substitute one of the following pjDateFormat constants (date format applied 9/25/07 at 12:33 P.M.):
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pjDateDefault: The default format. Set on the View tab in the Options dialog box (Tools menu).
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pjDate_mm_dd_yy_hh_mmAM: 9/25/07 12:33 PM
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pjDate_mm_dd_yy: 9/25/07
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pjDate_mm_dd_yyyy: 9/25/2007
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pjDate_mmmm_dd_yyyy_hh_mmAM: September 25, 2007 12:33 PM
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pjDate_mmmm_dd_yyyy: September 25, 2007
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pjDate_mmm_dd_hh_mmAM: Sep 25 12:33 PM
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pjDate_mmm_dd_yyy: Sep 25, '07
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pjDate_mmmm_dd: September 25
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pjDate_mmm_dd: Sep 25
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pjDate_ddd_mm_dd_yy_hh_mmAM: Tue 9/25/07 12:33 PM
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pjDate_ddd_mm_dd_yy: Tue 9/25/07
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pjDate_ddd_mmm_dd_yyy: Tue Sep 25, '07
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pjDate_ddd_hh_mmAM: Tue 12:33 PM
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pjDate_mm_dd: 9/25
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pjDate_dd: 25
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pjDate_hh_mmAM: 12:33 PM
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pjDate_ddd_mmm_dd: Tue Sep 25
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pjDate_ddd_mm_dd: Tue 9/25
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pjDate_ddd_dd: Tue 25
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pjDate_Www_dd: W40/2
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pjDate_Www_dd_yy_hh_mmAM: W40/2/07 12:33 PM
ProjDurConv
Converts an expression to a duration value in the specified units.
Syntax
ProjDurConv( expression, durationunits )
expression Required; Variant. The expression to convert to a duration.
durationunits Optional; Long. The units used to express the duration. If durationunits is not specified, the default value is the type of units specified in the Duration is entered in option on the Schedule tab of the Options dialog box (Tools menu). The durationunits can be one of the following pjFormatUnit constants:
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pjMinutes: pjElapsedMinutes
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pjHours: pjElapsedHours
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pjDays: pjElapsedDays
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pjWeeks: pjElapsedWeeks
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pjMonths: pjElapsedMonths
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pjMinutesEstimated: pjElapsedMinutesEstimated
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pjHoursEstimated: pjElapsedHoursEstimated
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pjDaysEstimated: pjElapsedDaysEstimated
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pjWeeksEstimated: pjElapsedWeeksEstimated
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pjMonthsEstimated: pjElapsedMonthsEstimated
Second
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 0 and 59, inclusive, representing the second of the minute.
Syntax
Second( time )
time Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned.
Str
Returns a Variant (String) representation of a number.
Syntax
Str( number )
number Required; Long containing any valid numeric expression.
StrConv
Returns a Variant (String) converted as specified.
Syntax
StrConv( string, conversion, LCID )
string Required; string expression to be converted.
conversion Required; Integer. The sum of values specifying the type of conversion to perform.
LCID Optional; the LocaleID, if different from the system LocaleID. (The system LocaleID is the default.)
TimeSerial
Returns a Variant (Date) containing the time for a specific hour, minute, and second.
Syntax
TimeSerial( hour, minute, second )
hour Required; Variant (Integer). Number between 0 (12:00 A.M.) and 23 (11:00 P.M.), inclusive, or a numeric expression.
minute Required; Variant (Integer). Any numeric expression.
second Required; Variant (Integer). Any numeric expression.
TimeValue
Returns a Variant (Date) containing the time.
Syntax
TimeValue( time)
time Required; normally a string expression representing a time from 0:00:00 (12:00:00 A.M.) to 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.), inclusive. However, time can also be any expression that represents a time in that range. If time contains Null, Null is returned.
Val
Returns the numbers contained in a string as a numeric value of appropriate type.
Syntax
Val( string )
string Required; any valid string expression.
Weekday
Returns a Variant (Integer) containing a whole number representing the day of the week.
Syntax
Weekday( date[, firstdayofweek] )
date Required; Variant, numeric expression, string expression of any combination, that can represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned.
firstdayofweek Optional; a constant that specifies the first day of the week. If not specified, Sunday is assumed.
Year
Returns a Variant (Integer) containing a whole number representing the year.
Syntax
Year( date )
date Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned.
Date/Time functions
CDate
Coerces an expression to data type Date.
Syntax
CDate( expression )
expression Any valid date expression.
Date
Returns a Variant (Date) containing the current system date.
Syntax
Date
DateAdd
Returns a Variant (Date) containing a date to which a specified time interval has been added.
Syntax
DateAdd( interval, number, date )
interval Required; String expression that is the interval of time you want to add, such as "m" or "d" .
number Required; numeric expression that is the number of intervals you want to add. It can be positive (to get dates in the future) or negative (to get dates in the past).
date Required; Variant (Date) or literal representing date to which the interval is added.
DateDiff
Returns a Variant (Long) specifying the number of time intervals between two specified dates.
Syntax
DateDiff( interval, date1, date2[, firstdayofweek[, firstweekofyear]] )
interval Required; string expression that is the interval of time you use to calculate the difference between date1 and date2.
date1, date2 Required; Variant (Date). Two dates you want to use in the calculation.
firstdayofweek Optional; a constant that specifies the first day of the week. If not specified, Sunday is assumed.
firstweekofyear Optional; a constant that specifies the first week of the year. If not specified, the first week is assumed to be the week in which January 1 occurs.
DatePart
Returns a Variant (Integer) containing the specified part of a given date.
Syntax
DatePart( interval, date[, firstdayofweek[, firstweekofyear]] )
interval Required; string expression that is the interval of time you want to return.
date Required; Variant (Date) value that you want to evaluate.
firstdayofweek Optional; a constant that specifies the first day of the week. If not specified, Sunday is assumed.
firstweekofyear Optional; a constant that specifies the first week of the year. If not specified, the first week is assumed to be in the week in which January 1 occurs.
DateSerial
Returns a Variant (Date) for a specified year, month, and day.
Syntax
DateSerial( year, month, day )
year Required; Integer. Number between 100 and 9999, inclusive, or a numeric expression.
month Required; Integer. Any numeric expression.
day Required; Integer. Any numeric expression.
DateValue
Returns a Variant (Date).
Syntax
DateValue( date)
date Required; normally a string expression representing a date from January 1, 100, through December 31, 9999. However, date can also be any expression that can represent a date, a time, or both a date and time, in that range.
Day
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 1 and 31, inclusive, representing the day of the month.
Syntax
Day( date)
date Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned.
Hour
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 0 and 23, inclusive, representing the hour of the day.
Syntax
Hour( time )
time Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned.
IsDate
Returns a Boolean value indicating whether an expression can be converted to a date.
Syntax
IsDate( expression )
expression Required; any Variant containing a date expression or string expression recognizable as a date or time.
Minute
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 0 and 59, inclusive, representing the minute of the hour.
Syntax
Minute( time)
time Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned.
Month
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 1 and 12, inclusive, representing the month of the year.
Syntax
Month( date)
date Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a time. If date contains Null, Null is returned.
Now
Returns a Variant (Date) specifying the current date and time according your computer's system date and time.
Syntax
Now
ProjDateAdd
Adds a duration to a date to return a new date.
Syntax
ProjDateAdd( date, duration, calendar )
date Required; Variant. The original date to which duration is added.
duration Required; Variant. The duration to add to date.
calendar Optional; String. The calendar to use when calculating the new date. If calendar is not specified, the default for the current resource is the resource calendar, or for the current task, the task calendar or the standard calendar if there is no task calendar. For Project Server, the standard calendar will be used, regardless of which calendar is specified in the calendar string. When you use this function in a formula created in Project Web App and compare it with the same formula created in Project Professional, you should test to ensure the results are what you expect.
ProjDateConv
Converts a value to a date.
Syntax
ProjDateConv( expression, dateformat )
expression Required; Variant. The expression to convert to a date.
dateformat Optional; Long. The date format default is pjDateDefault, but you can substitute one of the following pjDateFormat constants (date format applied 9/25/07 at 12:33 P.M.):
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pjDateDefault: The default format. Set on the View tab in the Options dialog box (Tools menu).
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pjDate_mm_dd_yy_hh_mmAM: 9/25/07 12:33 PM
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pjDate_mm_dd_yy: 9/25/07
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pjDate_mm_dd_yyyy: 9/25/2007
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pjDate_mmmm_dd_yyyy_hh_mmAM: September 25, 2007 12:33 PM
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pjDate_mmmm_dd_yyyy: September 25, 2007
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pjDate_mmm_dd_hh_mmAM: Sep 25 12:33 PM
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pjDate_mmm_dd_yyy: Sep 25, '07
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pjDate_mmmm_dd: September 25
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pjDate_mmm_dd: Sep 25
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pjDate_ddd_mm_dd_yy_hh_mmAM: Tue 9/25/07 12:33 PM
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pjDate_ddd_mm_dd_yy: Tue 9/25/03
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pjDate_ddd_mmm_dd_yyy: Tue Sep 25, '07
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pjDate_ddd_hh_mmAM: Tue 12:33 PM
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pjDate_mm_dd: 9/25
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pjDate_dd: 25
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pjDate_hh_mmAM: 12:33 PM
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pjDate_ddd_mmm_dd: Tue Sep 25
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pjDate_ddd_mm_dd: Tue 9/25
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pjDate_ddd_dd: Tue 25
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pjDate_Www_dd: W40/2
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pjDate_Www_dd_yy_hh_mmAM: W40/2/07 12:33 PM
ProjDateDiff
Returns the duration between two dates in minutes.
Syntax
ProjDateDiff( date1, date2, calendar )
date1 Required; Variant. The date used as the beginning of the duration.
date2 Required; Variant. The date used as the end of the duration.
calendar Optional; String. The calendar to use when calculating the duration. If calendar is not specified, the default for the current resource is the resource calendar, or for the current task, the task calendar (or the standard calendar if there is no task calendar For Project Server, the standard calendar will be used, regardless of which calendar is specified in the calendar string. When you use this function in a formula created in Project Web App and compare it with the same formula created in Project Professional, you should test to ensure the results are what you expect.
ProjDateSub
Returns the date that precedes another date by a specified duration.
Syntax
ProjDateSub( date, duration, calendar )
date Required; Variant. The original date from which duration is subtracted.
duration Required; Variant. The duration to subtract from date.
calendar Optional; String. The calendar to use when calculating the date difference. If calendar is not specified, the default for the current resource is the resource calendar, or for the current task, the task calendar (or the standard calendar if there is no task calendar). For Project Server, the standard calendar will be used, regardless of which calendar is specified in the calendar string. When you use this function in a formula created in Project Web App and compare it with the same formula created in Project Professional, you should test to ensure the results are what you expect.
ProjDateValue
Returns the date value of an expression.
Syntax
ProjDateValue( expression )
expression Required; Variant. The expression to be represented as a date.
ProjDurConv
Converts an expression to a duration value in the specified units.
Syntax
ProjDurConv( expression, durationunits )
expression Required; Variant. The expression to convert to a duration.
durationunits Optional; Long. The units used to express the duration. If durationunits is not specified, the default value is the type of units specified in the Duration is entered in option on the Schedule tab of the Options dialog box (Tools menu). The durationunits can be one of the following pjFormatUnit constants:
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pjMinutes: pjElapsedMinutes
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pjHours: pjElapsedHours
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pjDays: pjElapsedDays
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pjWeeks: pjElapsedWeeks
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pjMonths: pjElapsedMonths
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pjMinutesEstimated: pjElapsedMinutesEstimated
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pjHoursEstimated: pjElapsedHoursEstimated
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pjDaysEstimated: pjElapsedDaysEstimated
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pjWeeksEstimated: pjElapsedWeeksEstimated
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pjMonthsEstimated: pjElapsedMonthsEstimated
ProjDurValue
Returns the number of minutes in a duration.
Syntax
ProjDurValue( duration )
duration Required; Variant. The duration to be expressed in minutes.
Second
Returns a Variant (Integer) specifying a whole number between 0 and 59, inclusive, representing the second of the minute.
Syntax
Second( time )
time Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a time. If time contains Null, Null is returned.
Time
Returns a Variant (Date) indicating the current system time.
Syntax
Time
Timer
Returns a Single representing the number of seconds elapsed since midnight.
Syntax
Timer
TimeSerial
Returns a Variant (Date) containing the time for a specific hour, minute, and second.
Syntax
TimeSerial( hour, minute, second)
hour Required; Variant (Integer). Number between 0 (12:00 A.M.) and 23 (11:00 P.M.), inclusive, or a numeric expression.
minute Required; Variant (Integer). Any numeric expression.
second Required; Variant (Integer). Any numeric expression.
TimeValue
Returns a Variant (Date) containing the time.
Syntax
TimeValue( time)
time Required; normally a string expression representing a time from 0:00:00 (12:00:00 A.M.) to 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.), inclusive. However, time can also be any expression that represents a time in that range. If time contains Null, Null is returned.
Weekday
Returns a Variant (Integer) containing a whole number representing the day of the week.
Syntax
Weekday( date[, firstdayofweek] )
date Required; Variant, numeric expression, string expression of any combination, that can represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned.
firstdayofweek Optional; a constant that specifies the first day of the week. If not specified, Sunday is assumed.
Year
Returns a Variant (Integer) containing a whole number representing the year.
Syntax
Year( date)
date Required; any Variant, numeric expression, or string expression, or any combination, that can represent a date. If date contains Null, Null is returned.
General functions
Choose
Selects and returns a value from a list of arguments.
Syntax
Choose( index, choice-1[, choice-2, ... [, choice-n]])
index Required; numeric expression or field that results in a value between 1 and the number of available choices.
choice Required; Variant expression containing one of the possible choices.
IIf
Returns one of two parts, depending on the evaluation of an expression.
Syntax
IIf( expr, truepart, falsepart )
expr Required; Variant expression you want to evaluate.
truepart Required; value or expression to be returned if the corresponding expression is True.
falsepart Required; value or expression to be returned if the corresponding expression isFalse.
IsNumeric
Returns a Boolean value indicating whether an expression can be evaluated as a number.
Syntax
IsNumeric( expression)
expression Required; Variant containing a numeric expression or string expression.
IsNull
Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether an expression contains no valid data (Null).
Syntax
IsNull( expression )
expression Required; Variant containing a numeric expression or string expression.
Switch
Evaluates a list of expressions and returns a Variant value or an expression associated with the first expression in the list that is True.
Syntax
Switch( expr-1, value-1[, expr-2, value-2, ... [, expr-n,value-n]] )
Math functions
Abs
Returns a value of the same type that is passed to it specifying the absolute value of a number.
Syntax
Abs( number )
number Required; any valid numeric expression. If number contains Null, Null is returned; if it is an uninitialized variable, zero is returned.
Atn
Returns a Double specifying the arc tangent of a number.
Syntax
Atn( number )
number Required; Double or any valid numeric expression.
Cos
Returns a Double specifying the cosine of an angle.
Syntax
Cos( number )
number Required; Double or any valid numeric expression that expresses an angle in radians.
Exp
Returns a Double specifying e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to a power.
Syntax
Exp( number )
number Required; Double or any valid numeric expression.
Fix
Returns the integer portion of a number. If the number is negative, returns the first negative integer equal to or greater than number.
Syntax
Fix( number )
number Required; Double or any valid numeric expression. If number contains Null, Null is returned.
Int
Returns the integer portion of a number. If the number is negative, returns the first negative integer less than or equal to number.
Syntax
Int( number )
number Required; Double or any valid numeric expression. If number contains Null, Null is returned.
Log
Returns a Double specifying the natural logarithm of a number.
Syntax
Log( number )
number Required; Double or any valid numeric expression greater than zero.
Rnd
Returns a Single containing a random number.
Syntax
Rnd( number )
number Required; Single or any valid numeric expression.
Sgn
Returns a Variant (Integer) indicating the sign of a number.
Syntax
Sgn( number )
number Required; any valid numeric expression.
Return values are as follows:
-
If the number is greater than zero, Sgn returns 1.
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If the number is equal to zero, Sgn returns 0.
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If the number is less than zero, Sgn returns -1.
Sin
Returns a Double specifying the sine of an angle.
Syntax
Sin( number )
number Required; Double or any valid numeric expression that expresses an angle in radians.
Sqr
Returns a Double specifying the square root of a number.
Syntax
Sqr( number )
number Required; Double or any valid numeric expression equal to or greater than zero.
Tan
Returns a Double specifying the tangent of an angle.
Syntax
Tan( number )
number Required; Double or any valid numeric expression that expresses an angle in radians.
Text functions
Asc
Returns an Integer representing the character code that corresponds to the first letter in a string.
Syntax
Asc( string )
String Any valid string expression.
Chr
Returns a String containing the character associated with the specified character code.
Syntax
Chr( charcode )
charcode A Long that identifies a character.
Format
Returns a Variant (String) containing an expression formatted according to instructions contained in a format expression.
Syntax
Format( expression[, format[, firstdayofweek[, firstweekofyear]]] )
expression Required; any valid expression.
format Optional; a valid named or user-defined format expression.
firstdayofweek Optional; a Constant that specifies the first day of the week.
firstweekofyear Optional; a Constant that specifies the first week of the year.
Instr
Returns a Variant (Long) specifying the position of the first occurrence of one string within another.
Syntax
Instr( [start, ]string1, string2[, compare] )
start Optional; numeric expression that sets the starting position for each search. If omitted, search begins at the first character position. If start contains Null, an error occurs. The start argument is required if compare is specified.
string1 Required; string expression being searched.
string2 Required; string expression sought.
compare Optional; specifies the type of string comparison. If compare is Null, an error occurs. If compare is omitted, the Optioncompare setting determines the type of comparison.
LCase
Returns a String that has been converted to lowercase.
Syntax
LCase( string )
string Required; any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned.
Left
Returns a Variant (String) containing a specified number of characters from the left side of a string.
Syntax
Left( string, length )
string Required. String expression from which the leftmost characters are returned. If string contains Null, Null is returned.
length Required; Variant (Long). Numeric expression indicating how many characters to return. If 0, a zero-length string ("") is returned. If greater than or equal to the number of characters in string, the entire string is returned.
Len
Returns a Long containing the number of characters in a string or the number of bytes required to store a variable.
Syntax
Len( string, varname )
string Any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned.
varname Any valid variable name. If varname contains Null, Null is returned. If varname is a Variant, Len treats it the same as a String and always returns the number of characters it contains.
LTrim
Returns a Variant (String) containing a copy of a specified string without leading spaces.
Syntax
LTrim( string )
string Required; any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned.
Mid
Returns a Variant (String) containing a specified number of characters from a string.
Syntax
Mid( string, start[, length] )
string Required; string expression from which characters are returned. If string contains Null, Null is returned.
start Required; Long. Character position in string at which the part to be taken begins. If start is greater than the number of characters in string, Mid returns a zero-length string ("").
length Optional; Variant (Long). Number of characters to return. If omitted or if there are fewer than length characters in the text (including the character at start), all characters from the start position to the end of the string are returned.
Right
Returns a Variant (String) containing a specified number of characters from the right side of a string.
Syntax
Right( string, length )
string Required; string expression from which the rightmost characters are returned. If string contains Null, Null is returned.
length Required; Variant (Long). Numeric expression indicating how many characters to return. If 0, a zero-length string ("") is returned. If equal to or greater than the number of characters in string, the entire string is returned.
RTrim
Returns a Variant (String) containing a copy of a specified string without trailing spaces.
Syntax
RTrim( string )
string Required; any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned.
Space
Returns a Variant (String) consisting of the specified number of spaces.
Syntax
Space( number )
number Required; number of spaces you want in the string.
StrComp
Returns a Variant (Integer) indicating the result of a string comparison.
Syntax
StrComp( string1, string2[, compare] )
string1 Required; any valid string expression.
string2 Required; any valid string expression.
compare Optional; specifies the type of string comparison. If the compare argument is Null, an error occurs.
StrConv
Returns a Variant (String) converted as specified.
Syntax
StrConv( string, conversion, LCID )
string Required; string expression to be converted.
conversion Required; Integer. The sum of values specifying the type of conversion to perform.
LCID Optional; the LocaleID, if different from the system LocaleID. (The system LocaleID is the default.)
String
Returns a Variant (String) containing a repeating character string of the length specified.
Syntax
String( number, character )
number Required; Long. Length of the returned string. If number contains Null, Null is returned.
character Required; Variant. Character code specifying the character or string expression whose first character is used to build the return string. If character contains Null, Null is returned.
Trim
Returns a Variant (String) containing a copy of a specified string without leading or trailing spaces.
Syntax
Trim( string )
string Required; any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned.
UCase
Returns a Variant (String) containing the specified string, converted to uppercase.
Syntax
UCase( string )
string Required; any valid string expression. If string contains Null, Null is returned.
