When using Outlook for your email, Apple Intelligence does not have access to your mailbox. Apple Intelligence can have access to messages you are composing if you decide to share your drafted content with their services. Because this is an Apple feature, we recommend contacting Apple for any other questions you have regarding Apple Intelligence and data access.
If you are part of an organization that uses Intune in your environment, you can disable Apple Intelligence features from running in Outlook. Please refer to this article for more information: Microsoft Intune Support for Apple Intelligence.