Change the date system, format, or two-digit year interpretation

Excel stores dates as sequential numbers that are called serial values. For example, in Excel for Windows, January 1, 1900 is serial number 1, and January 1, 2008 is serial number 39448 because it is 39,448 days after January 1, 1900.

Excel stores times as decimal fractions because time is considered a portion of a day. The decimal number is a value ranging from 0 (zero) to 0.99999999, representing the times from 0:00:00 (12:00:00 A.M.) to 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.).

Because dates and times are values, they can be added, subtracted, and included in other calculations. You can view a date as a serial value and a time as a decimal fraction by changing the format of the cell that contains the date or time to General format.

Both Excel for Mac and Excel for Windows support the 1900 and 1904 date systems. The default date system for Excel for Windows is 1900; and the default date system for Excel for Mac is 1904.

Originally, Excel for Windows was based on the 1900 date system, because it enabled better compatibility with other spreadsheet programs that were designed to run under MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, and therefore it became the default date system. Originally, Excel for Mac was based on the 1904 date system, because it enabled better compatibility with early Macintosh computers that did not support dates before January 2, 1904, and therefore it became the default date system.

The following table shows the first date and the last date for each date system and the serial value associated with each date.

Date system	First date	Last date
1900	January 1, 1900 (serial value 1)	December 31, 9999 (serial value 2958465)
1904	January 2, 1904 (serial value 1)	December 31, 9999 (serial value 2957003)

Because the two date systems use different starting days, the same date is represented by different serial values in each date system. For example, July 5, 2007 can have two different serial values, depending on the date system that is used.

Date system	Serial value of July 5, 2007
1900	37806
1904	39268

The difference between the two date systems is 1,462 days; that is, the serial value of a date in the 1900 date system is always 1,462 days greater than the serial value of the same date in the 1904 date system. Conversely, the serial value of a date in the 1904 date system is always 1,462 days less than the serial value of the same date in the 1900 date system. 1,462 days is equal to four years and one day (which includes one leap day).

If you enter a date with a two-digit year in a text formatted cell or as a text argument in a function, such as =YEAR("1/1/31"), Excel interprets the year as follows:

• 00 through 29     is interpreted as the years 2000 through 2029. For example, if you type the date 5/28/19, Excel assumes the date is May 28, 2019.

• 30 through 99     is interpreted as the years 1930 through 1999. For example, if you type the date 5/28/98, Excel assumes the date is May 28, 1998.

In Microsoft Windows, you can change the way two-digit years are interpreted for all Windows programs that you have installed.

Windows 10

1. In the search box on the taskbar, type control panel, and then select Control Panel.

2. Under Clock, Language and Region, click Change date, time, or number formats

3. Click Regional and Language Options.

4. In the Region dialog box, click Additional settings.

5. Click the Date tab.

6. In the When a two-digit year is entered, interpret it as a year between box, change the upper limit for the century.

   As you change the upper-limit year, the lower-limit year automatically changes.

7. Click OK.

Windows 8

1. Swipe in from the right edge of the screen, tap Search (or if you're using a mouse, point to the upper-right corner of the screen, move the mouse pointer down, and then click Search), enter Control Panel in the search box, and then tap or click Control Panel.

2. Under Clock, Language and Region, click Change date, time, or number formats.

3. In the Region dialog box, click Additional settings.

4. Click the Date tab.

5. In the When a two-digit year is entered, interpret it as a year between box, change the upper limit for the century.

   As you change the upper-limit year, the lower-limit year automatically changes.

6. Click OK.

Windows 7

1. Click the Start button, and then click Control Panel.

2. Click Region and Language.

3. In the Region dialog box, click Additional settings.

4. Click the Date tab.

5. In the When a two-digit year is entered, interpret it as a year between box, change the upper limit for the century.

   As you change the upper-limit year, the lower-limit year automatically changes.

6. Click OK.

By default, as you enter dates in a workbook, the dates are formatted to display two-digit years. When you change the default date format to a different format by using this procedure, the display of dates that were previously entered in your workbook will change to the new format as long as the dates haven't been formatted by using the Format Cells dialog box (On the Home tab, in the Number group, click the Dialog Box Launcher).

Windows 10

1. In the search box on the taskbar, type control panel, and then select Control Panel.

2. Under Clock, Language and Region, click Change date, time, or number formats

3. Click Regional and Language Options.

4. In the Region dialog box, click Additional settings.

5. Click the Date tab.

6. In the Short date format list, click a format that uses four digits for the year ("yyyy").

7. Click OK.

Windows 8

1. Swipe in from the right edge of the screen, tap Search (or if you're using a mouse, point to the upper-right corner of the screen, move the mouse pointer down, and then click Search), enter Control Panel in the search box, and then tap or click Control Panel.

2. Under Clock, Language and Region, click Change date, time, or number formats.

3. In the Region dialog box, click Additional settings.

4. Click the Date tab.

5. In the Short date format list, click a format that uses four digits for the year ("yyyy").

6. Click OK.

Windows 7

1. Click the Start button, and then click Control Panel.

2. Click Region and Language.

3. In the Region dialog box, click Additional settings.

4. Click the Date tab.

5. In the Short date format list, click a format that uses four digits for the year ("yyyy").

6. Click OK.

The date system changes automatically when you open a document from another platform. For example, if you are working in Excel and you open a document that was created in Excel for Mac, the 1904 date system check box is selected automatically.

You can change the date system by doing the following:

1. Click File > Options > Advanced.

2. Under the When calculating this workbook section, select the workbook that you want, and then select or clear the Use 1904 date system check box.

You can encounter problems when you copy and paste dates or when you create external references between workbooks based on the two different date systems. Dates can appear four years and one day earlier or later than the date that you expect. You can encounter these problems whether you are using Excel for Windows, Excel for Mac, or both.

For example, if you copy the date July 5, 2007 from a workbook that uses the 1900 date system and then paste the date into a workbook that uses the 1904 date system, the date appears as July 6, 2011, which is 1,462 days later. Alternatively, if you copy the date July 5, 2007 from a workbook that uses the 1904 date system and then paste the date into a workbook that uses the 1900 date system, the date appears as July 4, 2003, which is 1,462 days earlier. For background information, see Date systems in Excel.

Correct a copy and paste problem    

1. In an empty cell, enter the value 1462.

2. Select that cell, and then on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Copy.

3. Select all of the cells that contain the incorrect dates.

   Tip: To cancel a selection of cells, click any cell on the worksheet. For more information, see Select cells, ranges, rows, or columns on a worksheet.

4. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Paste, and then click Paste Special.

   

5. In the Paste Special dialog box, under Paste, click Values, and then under Operation, do one of the following:

   • To set the date as four years and one day later, click Add.

   • To set the date as four years and one day earlier, click Subtract.

Correct an external reference problem    

If you are using an external reference to a date in another workbook with a different date system, you can modify the external reference by doing one of the following:

• To set the date as four years and one day later, add 1,462 to it. For example:

=[Book2]Sheet1!$A$1+1462

• To set the date as four years and one day earlier, subtract 1,462 from it. For example:

=[Book1]Sheet1!$A$1-1462